Case Studies

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic, mainly qualitative, technique used to visualise the soft tissues of a patient. The application of a strong magnetic field causes the protons in a patient’s hydrogen atoms to align with it. Radiofrequency pulses are then used to force the protons to move out of and back into alig...

Conventionally the calibration of photometric equipment was performed with tungsten filament standard lamps with the standard illuminant A spectrum, which was published by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1931 and was originally designed for use with incandescent lighting products. However, incandescent co...

Since 1938, when the first instrument for detecting alcohol in breath was developed, the ‘breathanalyser’ has become increasingly sophisticated. These instruments determine if a person has potentially consumed alcohol by measuring the concentration of ethanol in air exhaled from their lungs. They are now used by law enforcement...

The World Health Organisation has indicated that road traffic accidents are the leading cause of death in children and young adults in the European Region and the EC has estimated that 25 % of such fatalities are due to alcohol. Around 6,500 deaths could be prevented each year in Europe if drivers obeyed drinkdriving regulation...

Air pollution remains the main environmental factor in human ill-health, with about 400,000 premature deaths attributed to ambient air pollution annually in the EU. Industrial processes account for a sizeable share of polluting emissions, including sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), produced by burning fuels containing sulfur compounds an...

Many products are generated by continuous manufacturing processes. Ensuring that packs conform to producer’s or customer’s requirements relies on verifying the contents of products against specification. This is performed by automatic weighing instruments without human intervention. Products are sent along constantly moving con...