Case Studies

Damage to rural bridges throughout the EU is being caused by lorries carrying heavy loads that may far exceed their design criteria. For example, in Estonia there is increasing concern over damage to the road infrastructure due to heavy lorries carrying felled trees from forests to saw-mills on country roads. Laws are in force ...

Many civil engineering and transportation projects require devices that can dampen vibrations and absorb shocks. Spring mechanisms can be used for this purpose and are commonly found in applications ranging from high-rise buildings to car suspension systems. Railway carriages, for example, have spring damper systems placed betw...

Wood chips produced from sustainable forestry are a carbon neutral source of energy for district heating and other biofuel power generation plants. Denmark is embracing this approach and aims for woody biomass to supply 100 % of district heating by 2035, as part of its goal to be independent of fossil fuels by 2050. Wood type ...

Measuring the moisture of many different products, such as pulp, board and paper, is vital for manufacturing a quality product. Moisture content in paper effects ink uptake during printing, whilst in the production process drying consumes large amounts of energy. Paper industry products are commonly sold by weight, and therefor...

Electricity meters measure how much energy consumers use so they can be accurately billed. If they measure incorrectly it is bad news for the consumer; either they are charged more individually, or they are undercharged leading energy companies to raise prices. Smart meters are being manufactured in large batches and introduced...

Understanding how fluids move around pipes is vital for improving efficiency and safety – whether in manufacturing processes or in the transport of commodities such as oil and gas. But fluid flow in pipes is variable which makes measuring it hard. Better models are needed to understand how bends in pipes influence fluid flow, s...